Part 73 JUDICIAL REVIEW AND STATUTORY REVIEW
See also Practice Direction 73
Scope of this Part and interpretation
73.1
(1) This Part contains rules which provide for a judgment creditor to enforce a judgment by obtaining—
(a) a charging order (Section I);
(b) a stop order (Section II); or
(c) a stop notice (Section III),
over or against the judgment debtor’s interest in an asset.
(2) In this Part—
(a) “the 1979 Act” means the Charging Orders Act 1979;
(b) “the 1992 Regulations” means the Council Tax (Administration and Enforcement) Regulations 1992;
(c) “judgment debtor’s home court” means—
(i) if the application for a charging order is proceeding in the County Court—
(aa) in the case of an application under the 1992 Regulations, the County Court hearing centre for the district in which the relevant dwelling (as defined in regulation 50(3)(b) of those Regulations) is situated; or
(bb) in other cases, the County Court hearing centre for the district in which the judgment debtor resides or carries on business; or
(ii) if the application for a charging order is proceeding in the High Court, the district registry for the district in which the judgment debtor resides or carries on business or, where there is no such district registry, the Royal Courts of Justice;
(ca) “final charging order” means an order confirming that a charge imposed by an interim charging order continues;
(d) “funds in court” includes securities held in court;
(e) “interim charging order” means an interim charging order made in accordance with rule 73.4(5), 73.4(6) or 73.6(3);
(ea) “legal adviser” means a court officer assigned to the county court who is—
(i) a barrister;
(ii) a solicitor; or
(iii) a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives,
who may exercise the jurisdiction of the county court with regard to matters set out in this Part to the extent specified in this Part, with the consent of the Designated Civil Judge for Greater Manchester, or their nominee;
(f) “securities” means securities of any of the kinds specified in section 2(2)(b) of the 1979 Act.
SECTION I - CHARGING ORDERS
Scope of this Section
73.2
This Section applies to an application by a judgment creditor for a charging order under—
(a) section 1 of the 1979 Act; or
(b) regulation 50 of the 1992 Regulations.
Application for charging order
73.3
(1) An application for a charging order may be made without notice.
(2) Where an application for a charging order is to be made to the County Court, it must be made to the Civil National Business Centre, unless the application is for a charging order over an interest in a fund in court.
(3) An application to the County Court for a charging order over an interest in a fund in court must be made to the County Court hearing centre where the order or judgment was made.
(Section 1 of the 1979 Act sets out when applications are to be made to the County Court and when they are to be made to the Family Court or the High Court.)
(4) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), a judgment creditor may apply for a single charging order in respect of more than one judgment or order against the same judgment debtor.
(5) The application notice must—
(a) be in the form and contain the information required by Practice Direction 73; and
(b) be verified by a statement of truth.
Interim charging order – Civil National Business Centre
73.4
(1) This rule applies where an application for a charging order is made to the Civil National Business Centre.
(2) The application for a charging order will initially be dealt with without a hearing.
(3) Where—
(a) the application is only for a charging order on the judgment debtor’s interest in land; and
(b) none of the exceptions listed in paragraph (4) apply,
the application may initially be dealt with by a court officer.
(4) The exceptions referred to are—
(a) an application under section 2(1)(b)(i) of the 1979 Act;
(b) an application for a charging order on the interest of a partner in the partnership property under section 23 of the Partnership Act 1890;
(c) where an instalment order has been made before 1 October 2012;
(d) where the court officer otherwise considers that the application should be dealt with by a judge.
(5) The court officer may make an interim charging order imposing a charge over the judgment debtor’s interest in the asset to which the application relates.
(6) The judge may make an interim charging order—
(a) imposing a charge over the judgment debtor’s interest in the asset to which the application relates; and
(b) if the judge considers it appropriate at that stage, transferring the application to the judgment debtor’s home court for the fixing of a hearing to consider whether to make a final charging order as provided by rule 73.10A(3)(a).
(7) Where a matter has been transferred under paragraph (6), the court must serve notice of the hearing on the judgment creditor and all persons served with the interim charging order under rule 73.7.
Review of a decision made by a court officer
73.5
(1) A party may request that a decision by a court officer be reconsidered by a District Judge.
(2) A request for reconsideration must be filed within 14 days after the party is served with notice of the decision.
(3) Reconsideration will take place without a hearing.
Interim charging order – venues other than the Civil National Business Centre
73.6
(1) This rule applies where an application for a charging order is made other than to the Civil National Business Centre.
(2) An application for a charging order will initially be dealt with by a judge without a hearing.
(3) The judge may make an interim charging order—
(a) imposing a charge over the judgment debtor’s interest in the asset to which the application relates; and
(b) fixing a hearing to consider whether to make a final charging order as provided by rule 73.10A(3)(a).
Service of interim order
73.7
(1) Where the interim charging order has been made at the Civil National Business Centre and has not been transferred out of that Centre under rule 73.4(6) for a hearing, copies of the interim charging order, the application notice and any documents filed in support of it must be served by the judgment creditor on the persons listed in paragraph (7) within 21 days of the date of the interim charging order.
(2) Where paragraph (1) applies, the judgment creditor must file a certificate of service in relation to each person served together with a statement of the amount due under the judgement or order including any costs and interest, within 28 days of the date of the interim charging order.
(3) Any application for an extension of time for service or filing specified in paragraph (1) or (2)—
(a) must be made to the Civil National Business Centre; and
(b) will be dealt with without a hearing.
(Rule 73.10(6B) sets out the powers of a legal adviser to make an order where a judgment creditor has not, on time, filed certificates of service and a statement of the amount due or applied for an extension.)
(5) Where the interim charging order has been made at a court other than the Civil National Business Centre, or where the matter has been transferred out of that Centre under rule 73.4(6) for a hearing, copies of the interim charging order, the application notice and any documents filed in support of it must, not less than 21 days before the hearing, be served by the judgment creditor on the persons listed in paragraph (7).
(6) Where paragraph (5) applies, the judgment creditor must either—
(a) file a certificate of service in relation to each person served not less than 2 days before the hearing; or
(b) produce a certificate of service at the hearing.
(7) The persons to be served in accordance with paragraph (1) or (5) are—
(a) the judgment debtor;
(b) if the order relates to an interest in land, any co-owner;
(c) the judgment debtor’s spouse or civil partner (if known);
(d) such other creditors as are identified in the application notice or as the court directs;
(e) if the order relates to an interest under a trust, on such of the trustees as the court directs;
(f) if the interest charged is in securities other than securities held in court, then—
(i) in the case of stock for which the Bank of England keeps the register, the Bank of England;
(ii) in the case of government stock to which subparagraph (f)(i) does not apply, the keeper of the register;
(iii) in the case of stock of any body incorporated within England and Wales, that body;
(iv) in the case of stock of any body incorporated outside England and Wales or of any state or territory outside the United Kingdom, which is registered in a register kept in England and Wales, the keeper of that register;
(v) in the case of units of any unit trust in respect of which a register of the unit holders is kept in England and Wales, the keeper of that register; and
(g) if the interest charged is in funds in court, the Accountant General at the Court Funds Office.
(8) Where paragraph (1) or (5) requires service of the application notice, interim charging order and any documents filed in support of the application on a person who is outside the jurisdiction, the permission of the court is not required for service
Effect of interim order in relation to securities
73.8
(1) If a judgment debtor disposes of their interest in any securities while they are subject to an interim charging order which has been served on them, that disposition will not, so long as that order remains in force, be valid as against the judgment creditor.
(2) A person served under rule 73.7(7)(f) with an interim charging order relating to securities must not, unless the court gives permission—
(a) permit any transfer of any of the securities; or
(b) pay any dividend, interest or redemption payment relating to them.
(3) If a person acts in breach of paragraph (2), that person will be liable to pay to the judgment creditor—
(a) the value of the securities transferred or the amount of the payment made (as the case may be); or
(b) if less, the amount necessary to satisfy the debt in relation to which the interim charging order was made.
Effect of interim order in relation to funds in court
73.9
If a judgment debtor disposes of their interest in funds in court while they are subject to an interim charging order which has been served on them and on the Accountant General in accordance with rule 73.7(7), that disposition will not, so long as that order remains in force, be valid as against the judgment creditor.
Further consideration of the application where interim charging order was made at the Civil National Business Centre and has not been transferred under rule 73.4(6) for a hearing
73.10
(1) This rule applies where the interim charging order was made at the Civil National Business Centre and the matter has not been transferred under rule 73.4(6) for a hearing.
(2) If any person objects to the court making a final charging order, that person must—
(a) file; and
(b) serve on the judgment creditor,
written evidence stating the grounds of objection, not later than 28 days after service on that person of the application notice and interim order.
(3) If any person files evidence stating grounds of objection to the making of a final charging order, the court must, in accordance with paragraph (4), transfer the application for hearing to the judgment debtor’s home court.
(4) Following receipt by the court of one or more objections, the matter must be transferred under paragraph (3)—
(a) once all persons served under rule 73.7 with a copy of the interim charging order have filed and served an objection; or
(b) upon expiry of the period allowed under paragraph (2) for the filing and service of any objection by the last person served under rule 73.7 with a copy of the interim charging order,
whichever is the earlier.
(5) Where a matter has been transferred under paragraph (3), the court must serve notice of the hearing on the judgment creditor and all persons served under rule 73.7 with the interim charging order.
(6) Unless the application has been transferred under paragraph (3) for a hearing, the application will be considered by a judge or a legal adviser after expiry of the period allowed under paragraph (2) for the filing and service of any objection by the last person served under rule 73.7 with a copy of the interim charging order.
(6A) When considering the application under paragraph (6), a legal adviser may only—
(a) make a final charging order, if it provides that the charge imposed by the interim charging order is to continue without modification (except for the amount secured);
(b) discharge the interim charging order and dismiss the application, if the applicant has requested it;
(c) refer the matter to a judge; or
(d) if paragraph (6B) applies, make an unless order, or refer the matter to a judge, in accordance with that paragraph.
(6B) This paragraph applies where the judgment creditor has not complied with rule 73.7(1) or (2) and has not applied for an extension of time within the period specified by those provisions or either of them as appropriate, or has been granted an extension of time but has not met the extended time limit. In those circumstances, a legal adviser must—
(a) order that unless, by a date specified in the order, the judgment creditor files a certificate of service in relation to each person served (together with a statement of the amount due under the judgment or order including any costs and interest), the application for a charging order is to be dismissed and the interim charging order discharged; or
(b) refer the matter to a judge to consider whether to dismiss the application and discharge the interim charging order.
(6C) A copy of any order made under paragraph (6B) is to be served by the court on all the parties.
(6D) Decisions of a legal adviser are to be made without a hearing.
(7) When considering the application (either at a hearing following a transfer under paragraph (3) or under paragraph (6)), the judge may—
(a) make a final charging order confirming that the charge imposed by the interim charging order continues, with or without modification;
(b) discharge the interim charging order and dismiss the application;
(c) decide any issues in dispute between the parties, or between any of the parties and any other person who objects to the court making a final charging order;
(d) direct a trial of any such issues, and if necessary give directions; or
(e) make such other order as the court considers appropriate.
(8) If the court makes a final charging order which charges securities, the order must include a stop notice unless the court otherwise orders.
(Section III of this Part contains provisions about stop notices.)
(9) Any order made must be served by the court on all the persons on whom the interim charging order was required to be served.
Reconsideration of a decision made by a legal adviser
73.10ZA
(1) Any interested person may request any decision of a legal adviser to be reconsidered by a District Judge.
(2) A request must be filed within 14 days after the interested person is served with a notice of the decision, or becomes aware of the decision.
(3) The request may include a summary of the issue and an explanation of why the reconsideration is sought.
(4) Reconsideration may take place without a hearing.
(5) When reconsidering the decision of the legal adviser, the District Judge may exercise any of the powers listed in rule 73.10(7).
Further consideration of the application where interim charging order was made other than at the Civil National Business Centre, or has been transferred out of that Centre under rule 73.4(6)
73.10A
(1) This rule applies where an interim charging order was made other than at the Civil National Business Centre or has been transferred out of that Centre under rule 73.4(6).
(2) If any person objects to the court making a final charging order, that person must—
(a) file; and
(b) serve on the judgment creditor,
written evidence stating the grounds of objection, not less than 7 days before the hearing.
(3) At the hearing the court may—
(a) make a final charging order confirming that the charge imposed by the interim charging order continues, with or without modification;
(b) discharge the interim charging order and dismiss the application;
(c) decide any issues in dispute between the parties, or between any of the parties and any other person who objects to the court making a final charging order;
(d) direct a trial of any such issues, and if necessary give directions; or
(e) make such other order as the court considers appropriate.
(4) If the court makes a final charging order which charges securities other than securities held in court, the order must include a stop notice unless the court otherwise orders.
(Section III of this Part contains provisions about stop notices.)
(5) Any order made at the hearing must be served by the court on all the persons on whom the interim charging order was required to be served.
Discharge or variation of order
73.10B
(1) Where the final charging order was made without a hearing under rule 73.10(6A) or 73.10(7) any application to discharge or vary a charging order must be made to the Civil National Business Centre.
(2) Upon the filing of an application to discharge or vary a charging order at the Civil National Business Centre, the application must be transferred for a hearing to the judgment debtor’s home court.
(3) Where the final charging order was made at a hearing, any application to discharge or vary a charging order must be made to the court which made the charging order.
(4) The court may direct that—
(a) any interested person be joined as a party to such an application; or
(b) the application be served on any such person.
(5) An order discharging or varying a charging order must be served on all the persons on whom the charging order was required to be served.
Enforcement of charging order by sale
73.10C
(1) Subject to the provisions of any enactment, the court may, upon a claim by a person who has obtained a charging order over an interest in property, order the sale of the property to enforce the charging order
(2) Where the charging order was made at the Civil National Business Centre a claim for an order for sale under this rule must be made to the judgment debtor’s home court.
(3) Subject to paragraph (2) a claim for an order for sale under this rule should be made to the court which made the charging order, unless that court does not have jurisdiction to make an order for sale.
(4) The claimant must use the Part 8 procedure.
(5) A copy of the charging order must be filed with the claim form.
SECTION II – STOP ORDERS
Interpretation
73.11
In this Section, ‘stop order’ means an order of the High Court not to take, in relation to funds in court or securities specified in the order, any of the steps listed in section 5(5) of the 1979 Act.
Application for stop order
73.12
(1) The High Court may make –
(a) a stop order relating to funds in court, on the application of any person –
(i) who has a mortgage or charge on the interest of any person in the funds; or
(ii) to whom that interest has been assigned; or
(iii) who is a judgment creditor of the person entitled to that interest; or
(b) a stop order relating to securities other than securities held in court, on the application of any person claiming to be beneficially entitled to an interest in the securities.
(2) An application for a stop order must be made –
(a) by application notice in existing proceedings; or
(b) by Part 8 claim form if there are no existing proceedings in the High Court.
(3) The application notice or claim form must be served on –
(a) every person whose interest may be affected by the order applied for; and
(b) either –
(i) the Accountant General at the Court Funds Office, if the application relates to funds in court; or
(ii) the person specified in rule 73.7(7)(f), if the application relates to securities other than securities held in court.
Stop order relating to funds in court
73.13
A stop order relating to funds in court shall prohibit the transfer, sale, delivery out, payment or other dealing with–
(a) the funds or any part of them; or
(b) any income on the funds.
Stop order relating to securities
73.14
(1) A stop order relating to securities other than securities held in court may prohibit all or any of the following steps–
(a) the registration of any transfer of the securities;
(b) the making of any payment by way of dividend, interest or otherwise in respect of the securities; and
(c) in the case of units of a unit trust, any acquisition of or other dealing with the units by any person or body exercising functions under the trust.
(2) The order shall specify –
(a) the securities to which it relates;
(b) the name in which the securities stand;
(c) the steps which may not be taken; and
(d) whether the prohibition applies to the securities only or to the dividends or interest as well.
Variation or discharge of order
73.15
(1) The court may, on the application of any person claiming to have a beneficial interest in the funds or securities to which a stop order relates, make an order discharging or varying the order.
(2) An application notice seeking the variation or discharge of a stop order must be served on the person who obtained the order.
SECTION III – STOP NOTICES
General
73.16
In this Section –
(a) ‘stop notice’ means a notice issued by the court which requires a person or body not to take, in relation to securities specified in the notice, any of the steps listed in section 5(5) of the 1979 Act, without first giving notice to the person who obtained the notice; and
(b) ‘securities’ does not include securities held in court.
Request for stop notice
73.17
(1) The High Court may, on the request of any person claiming to be beneficially entitled to an interest in securities, issue a stop notice.
(A stop notice may also be included in a final charging order, by either the High Court or the County Court, under rule 73.10(8) or 73.10A(4).)
(2) A request for a stop notice must be made by filing–
(a) a draft stop notice; and
(b) written evidence which –
(i) identifies the securities in question;
(ii) describes the applicant's interest in the securities; and
(iii) gives an address for service for the applicant.
(A sample form of stop notice is annexed to Practice Direction 73.)
(3) If a court officer considers that the request complies with paragraph (2), he will issue a stop notice.
(4) The applicant must serve copies of the stop notice and his written evidence on the person to whom the stop notice is addressed.
Effect of stop notice
73.18
(1) A stop notice –
(a) takes effect when it is served in accordance with rule 73.17(4); and
(b) remains in force unless it is withdrawn or discharged in accordance with rule 73.20 or 73.21.
(2) While a stop notice is in force, the person on whom it is served –
(a) must not –
(i) register a transfer of the securities described in the notice; or
(ii) take any other step restrained by the notice,
without first giving 14 days' notice to the person who obtained the stop notice; but
(b) must not, by reason only of the notice, refuse to register a transfer or to take any other step, after he has given 14 days' notice under paragraph (2)(a) and that period has expired.
Amendment of stop notice
73.19
(1) If any securities are incorrectly described in a stop notice which has been obtained and served in accordance with rule 73.17, the applicant may request an amended stop notice in accordance with that rule.
(2) The amended stop notice takes effect when it is served.
Withdrawal of stop notice
73.20
(1) A person who has obtained a stop notice may withdraw it by serving a request for its withdrawal on –
(a) the person or body on whom the stop notice was served; and
(b) the court which issued the stop notice.
(2) The request must be signed by the person who obtained the stop notice, and his signature must be witnessed by a practising solicitor.
Discharge or variation of stop notice
73.21
(1) The court may, on the application of any person claiming to be beneficially entitled to an interest in the securities to which a stop notice relates, make an order discharging or varying the notice.
(2) An application to discharge or vary a stop notice must be made to the court which issued the notice.
(3) The application notice must be served on the person who obtained the stop notice.